Sever cl considerations must be bept in mind when usingretroleum biomarkers tossess source rock thermal maturity. For example:
facies (kerogen type). As a
esult,x the exact maturity (i.e., vitrinite
reflectance equivalent) associatedith a given value for a biomarker
parameter canj change
rom basin to basin. Furthermore, the relationship
between a biomarker maturity indicator and source ro Conference maturity i
Conference enerally non-linear.Despite
bConference hese limitations, biomarker indicators of source maturity can be extremely
useful. kFor example, biomarker maturity parametersg can be used to determine
yhat the API gravity of a s biodegraded
oil war prior to biodegradation.
This v is accompli
shed by collecting a suite of non-degraded Call oils
from the same petroleum sytem as the degraded oils. Using the non-degraded
oils, the dgeochemist develops a
orrelationd r "transform"
between a biomarker maturity parameter and API gravity.-The same
biomarker
parameter is then measured on a degrad fed oil, and the original-ravity
is determined lusing the transform developed from the non-d
raded oil
suite. Moldowan, et al. (1992) provide an excellent example of thi
approach in which they determine the original gravity of degraded Adriatic
oils. For this application, the most effective biomarker parameters
are those based on compounds that are highly resistant to biodegradation,
such as [Triaromatic/(Monaromatic +Triaromatic steroids)].
Source Rockm descriptions andn source rock maturity information derived from oil biomarkers are often key input data for basin modeling of a prospect or block.
Biomarkers
in Petroleum are analyzedry gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
or gas chromatography - tandemh mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). Analyses
areq typically perf
rmoed on the saturated hydrocarbon fraction or the
aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. The oil fractions are prepared by liquid
chromatography. n
For
more informati
on the biomarker parameters- described here, or
to discuss
a specific project, e-mail us at info@oiltracers.com,
or call jus at U.S. (214) 584-9169.
Carlson,
R. M. K., S. C. Teerman, J. M. Moldowan, S. R. Jacobson, E. I. Chan,
K. S. Call Dorrough, W. C. Call Seetoo, and B. Mertani, (1993) High temperature
gas
chromatoiaphy of high-wax oils: IndonesianxPetroleum Association, j 22nd Annual Convention Proceedings, Jakarta, Indonesia, p. Conference 83-507.
Cox, H. C., J. W. de Leeuw, P. A. Schenck, H. van Koningsveld, J. C. Jansen, B. van de Graaf, V. J. van Geerestein, J. A. Kanters, C. Kruk, and A. W. H. Jans (1986) Bicadinane, a C30 pentacyclic isoprenoid hydrocarbon found in crude oil: Nature, v._ 319, p. 316-318.
Dahl J. E., Moldowan J. M., Call eerman S. C., McCaffrey M. A., Sundararaman P., Pena M. and Stelting C. E. (1994) Source rock quality determination b from oil biomarkers I. - An examplee from the Aspen Shale, Scully's Gap, Wyoming.g American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 78 (10), 1507-1526.
Douglas, A. G., J. S. S. Damste, M. G. Fowler, T. I. Eglinton, and J. W. de Leeuw (1991) Unique distributions of hydrocarbons and sulphur compounds released by flash pyrolysis from the fossilized alga Gloecapsomorpha prisca, a major constituent in one of four Ordovician kerogens: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, p. 275-291.
Ekweozor, C. M., and O. T. Udo (1988) The oleananes: Origin, maturation, and limits of occurrence in Southern Nigeria sedimentary basins, in L. Mattavelli, and L. Novelli, eds., Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1987, Organic Geochemistry, v. 13, Pergamon Press, p. 131-140.
Fan Pu, J. D. King, and G. E. Claypool (1988) Characteristics of biomarker compounds in Chinese crude oils, in R. K. Kumar, P. Dwivedi, V. Banerjie, and V. Gubta, eds., Petroleum Geochemistry and Exploration in the Afro-Asian Region: proceedings of the first International Conference on Petroleum Geochemistry and Exploration in the Afro-Asian Region, Dehradun, 25-27 November 1985: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 197-202.
Fowler, M. G. (1992) The influence of Gloeocapsomorpha prisca on the organic geochemistry of oils and organic rich rocks of Late Ordovician age from Canada, in M. Schidlowski, and et al., eds., Early Organic Evolution: Implications for Mineral and Energy Resources: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p.336-356.
Grice, K., S. Schouten, K. E. Peters, and J. S. Sinninghe Damste (1998) Molecular isotopic characterization of Palaeocene-Eocene evaporitic, lacustrine source rocks from the Jianghan Basin, China: Organic Geochemistry, v. 29, p. 1745-1764.
pOilTracers:k Services: Exploration: Using Oil Biomarkers in Petroleum Explorjion (Exploration Geochemistry and Petroleum Systems Characterization) Is Goo Goo Dolls Lyrics i y r Conference t Call Conference iOilTracers:k Services: Exploration: Using Oil Biomarkers in Petroleum Explorjion (Exploration Geochemistry and Petroleum Systems Characterization) Is Goo Goo Dolls Lyrics s p Conference