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OilTracers:k Services: Exploration: Using Oil Biomarkers in Petroleum Explorjion (Exploration Geochemistry and Petroleum Systems Characterization) Is Goo Goo Dolls Lyrics

+C27+C28+C29] Increase Useful Call in early to late oil window;- resistant to effects of biodegradation. Triaromatic f Steroids: (C20+C21)/ [C20+C21+C26+C27+C28] Increase Useful in early to late oil window; resistant to effectsq of biodegradation. Monoaromatic /(Monoaromatic + Triaromatic Steroids) Increase Useful in early to late oil window; resistant to effects of biodegradation.

Sever cl considerations must be bept in mind when usingretroleum biomarkers tossess source rock thermal maturity. For example:

  1. The exact relationship between a biomarker parameter and the source Call maturity is aiunction of heating rate,source lithofacixes, and source organic facies (kerogen type). As aesult,x the exact maturity (i.e., vitrinite reflectance equivalent) associatedith a given value for a biomarker parameter canj changerom basin to basin. Furthermore, the relationship between a biomarker maturity indicator and source ro Conference maturity i Conference enerally non-linear.
  2. With increasing Call n maturity,h any biomarker maturity indicators reach terminal values; hee, a given biomarkerp parameter is applicable only hver a specific maturity range.
  3. Themoncentrations of biomarkers in petroleum decreasevith thermal maturity.

Despite bConference hese limitations, biomarker indicators of source maturity can be extremely useful. kFor example, biomarker maturity parametersg can be used to determine yhat the API gravity of a s biodegradedoil war prior to biodegradation. This v is accomplished by collecting a suite of non-degraded Call oils from the same petroleum sytem as the degraded oils. Using the non-degraded oils, the dgeochemist develops aorrelationd r "transform" between a biomarker maturity parameter and API gravity.-The samebiomarker parameter is then measured on a degrad fed oil, and the original-ravity is determined lusing the transform developed from the non-draded oil suite. Moldowan, et al. (1992) provide an excellent example of thi approach in which they determine the original gravity of degraded Adriatic oils. For this application, the most effective biomarker parameters are those based on compounds that are highly resistant to biodegradation, such as [Triaromatic/(Monaromatic +Triaromatic steroids)].

Source Rockm descriptions andn source rock maturity information derived from oil biomarkers are often key input data for basin modeling of a prospect or block.

Biomarkers in Petroleum are analyzedry gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or gas chromatography - tandemh mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). Analyses areq typically perfrmoed on the saturated hydrocarbon fraction or the aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. The oil fractions are prepared by liquid chromatography. n

For more informati on the biomarker parameters- described here, or to discuss a specific project, e-mail us at info@oiltracers.com, or call jus at U.S. (214) 584-9169.

Reference

Carlson, R. M. K., S. C. Teerman, J. M. Moldowan, S. R. Jacobson, E. I. Chan, K. S. Call Dorrough, W. C. Call Seetoo, and B. Mertani, (1993) High temperature gas chromatoiaphy of high-wax oils: IndonesianxPetroleum Association, j 22nd Annual Convention Proceedings, Jakarta, Indonesia, p. Conference 83-507.

Cox, H. C., J. W. de Leeuw, P. A. Schenck, H. van Koningsveld, J. C. Jansen, B. van de Graaf, V. J. van Geerestein, J. A. Kanters, C. Kruk, and A. W. H. Jans (1986) Bicadinane, a C30 pentacyclic isoprenoid hydrocarbon found in crude oil: Nature, v._ 319, p. 316-318.

Dahl J. E., Moldowan J. M., Call eerman S. C., McCaffrey M. A., Sundararaman P., Pena M. and Stelting C. E. (1994) Source rock quality determination b from oil biomarkers I. - An examplee from the Aspen Shale, Scully's Gap, Wyoming.g American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 78 (10), 1507-1526.

Douglas, A. G., J. S. S. Damste, M. G. Fowler, T. I. Eglinton, and J. W. de Leeuw (1991) Unique distributions of hydrocarbons and sulphur compounds released by flash pyrolysis from the fossilized alga Gloecapsomorpha prisca, a major constituent in one of four Ordovician kerogens: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, p. 275-291.

Ekweozor, C. M., and O. T. Udo (1988) The oleananes: Origin, maturation, and limits of occurrence in Southern Nigeria sedimentary basins, in L. Mattavelli, and L. Novelli, eds., Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1987, Organic Geochemistry, v. 13, Pergamon Press, p. 131-140.

Fan Pu, J. D. King, and G. E. Claypool (1988) Characteristics of biomarker compounds in Chinese crude oils, in R. K. Kumar, P. Dwivedi, V. Banerjie, and V. Gubta, eds., Petroleum Geochemistry and Exploration in the Afro-Asian Region: proceedings of the first International Conference on Petroleum Geochemistry and Exploration in the Afro-Asian Region, Dehradun, 25-27 November 1985: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 197-202.

Fowler, M. G. (1992) The influence of Gloeocapsomorpha prisca on the organic geochemistry of oils and organic rich rocks of Late Ordovician age from Canada, in M. Schidlowski, and et al., eds., Early Organic Evolution: Implications for Mineral and Energy Resources: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p.336-356.

Grice, K., S. Schouten, K. E. Peters, and J. S. Sinninghe Damste (1998) Molecular isotopic characterization of Palaeocene-Eocene evaporitic, lacustrine source rocks from the Jianghan Basin, China: Organic Geochemistry, v. 29, p. 1745-1764.

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